Balancing Qualitative and Quantitative Risk Management

Balancing Qualitative and Quantitative Risk Management THE NEED TO BALANCE THE QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENTS IN RISK MANAGEMENT RISK ASSESSMENT In order to control the health and safety of any business, there are certain things that must be controlled and risk is the foremost thing. While doing this it must be analyzed what can create difficulties and cause harm to the business activities or the people working in the organization. Risk assessment involves a necessary step of choosing the correct actions for the risk identified. (Wissem, 2013) QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT Qualitative assessment is a great point to start assessing your business. It is a useful method to gather information and provides insight to your approach. Data is collected through several sources rather than choosing only one source to work with, the data is reviewed, respondents to the researchers are examined, their behaviors are observed and progress towards interview. It presents a complex picture into an uncomplicated way. It can help you organize all your data, learn more through the information gathered. It allows you to think deeply and explore the needs of your business. It is mostly used where definitive and closed answers are unacceptable. We analyze how to increase the productivity in the business, on what basis we must award our employees in a business to bring out more productivity in our company. The qualitative approach is usually done through several methods including: one-on-one interviews open ended questions focus groups observations QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT The answers to How many, How often or How much are discovered through quantitative assessment. The results of quantitative assessment emphasizes on numbers and measurements. They are more dependable in most cases. Any data collected can be useless if the instruments are not well designed and clearly explained and clearly explained to the people who are involved in the research. Quantitative can only give you measures to the way things are done, but to analyze why the things are done in such manner is where qualitative becomes a help. It answers those questions that are usually valid but difficult to be answered. For example, a company hires 250 employees in a new department, to measure their performance on a scale from one to ten, to analyze how actively they are performing on their job, what level of productivity have they brought into the company ever since they have become part of this company is what we analyze in quantitative assessment. BALANCING QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT Generally, quantitative assessment is accurate, trustworthy and a quick measuring surface. However, with some amendments, it can be upgraded where it can add more value to our assessments. The more representative a quantitative assessment is, the more are the chances that the analysis will reflect the picture of a scenario more precisely. It is necessary that the data collection tools used in the assessments is appropriate and well designed. Whereas qualitative assessments explores the reasons and possibilities to why things are happening in a certain way. Qualitative data like quantitative data is based on empiric investigation and evidence. However, qualitative research explores information and generates case studies and summaries rather than lists of numeric data. (acaps, May 2012) Assessments are concluded when the qualitative analysis come out, without qualitative we cannot understand the reasons behind the ups and downs in performances. There are certain ways in which they can add value to our assessments whether it is quantitative or qualitative. The effectiveness of our objective can increase if you know how to use our tools to analyze the risk because and qualitative can offer to examine the culture, the genders, and the individual feelings that are making efforts for a greater contribution and quantitative can bring this into figures to quickly evaluate the situation. If we rely in either of the two assessments, our research will tend to be incomplete. But a qualitative assessment tends to make one an active and responsible person, that likes to reflect and communicates with people.ÂÂ   (Northcote) But with the absence of quantitative assessment we cannot conclude what we have learned so far. The Family Health International (Mack, Woodsong, MacQueen, Guest, Namey) says about the ways qualitative can investigates. To do is to be It can seek answers to our questions Systematically use a predefined set of procedures to answer the question Collection of evidence Produce findings that we are not determined in advance It also provides a great help in identification of tangible factors, factors like genders, culture, norms, ethnicity and religions. The aim is to create a balance between both assessing ways. The differences exist mainly in their analytical objectives, the answers they represent, the instruments and tools they applied in retrieving the results and how flexible the answers can be. Although, both, quantitative and qualitative, are impossible to be occurring simultaneously, they both represent different set of skills, but to achieve our aim, and make balance in the quantitative and qualitative assessments, we can find ways to apply quantitative on our qualitative research. The researchers who are assessing the qualitative work must have a clear understanding of the methods and practices of quantitative and so do the researchers of quantitative must hold proper knowledge of the other to avoid confusions and conflicts in the data.ÂÂ   Under the quantitative assessments, all the stati stical tests undertaken, all the formulas and tactics used must be clearly identified as to why these tests were used and what are the results. Since we can only get the figures in quantitative approach, for example if we are a ball pen manufacturers, we are using 5000kg and we are manufacturing 50,000 ball pens every years, which means every ball pen manufactured requires 100gm polymer. These figures are calculated and analyzed by quantitative assessments. If we talk about the color of the pen, the quality of the polymer, which type of pen, and what style are we looking for, is it a gel pen or an ink pen is all answered by qualitative approach. After all is understood, it is now time to combine the data we collected so far. When we combine those data we assess all the risks that are possible to occur. Combining both will identify issues and collects information on elements for which quantitative is not enough; we are able to generate assumptions which are further verified by quanti tative assessment, the quantitative results are explained through qualitative approach and we can select or reject data to work on further by using both assessments. We cannot choose one way to work through, the best way to analyze the risk assessment is to involve both, because neither is better than the other, both are equally important. Quantitative analyzes the market size, demographics, and other variations while qualitative provides us with taste preferences, behavior patterns, and other needs. STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES These two assessment techniques are primary aspect for any research; no research can be completed without analyzing the case using quantitative and qualitative approach. Businesses can face all kinds of risk some are capable of depriving from profits or even bankruptcy. For any risk identification, it is necessary to analyze whether the business activities are going on right way. For that, quantitative give us an inflexible, close-ended questionnaires in which the respondents are supposed to choose between the given options, they allow the researcher to work within a controlled environment, uses more rigid styled instruments, but the outcome is more reliable, accurate and objective, reduces the complexities. They are standardized, so we can easily compare our findings and free of any bias. Whereas its drawbacks are some loopholes in the information which makes it hard to understand the issues as to why are scoring low on the scale, it could be in any questionnaire, a survey or any ot her analysis. It gives narrow, limited data. But this is ideal for those who are looking for precise and pertinent data. For example Quantitative assessment can collect data in figures like an area affecting 10,000 people by earthquake, magnitude of 6.7, in several districts; the information of quantitative will answer the questions like: How many people have been victims of this earthquake? In how many areas did the earthquake hit? What was the severity of the earthquake? The Qualitative assessment seeks to explore the phenomenon, describe relationships, and experiences. They are open-ended and give us rich details and explanation, we can experience a depth analysis, and all can be done within limited resources. Researches are involved to his or her concern only in quantitative (Rwegoshora, 2014) whereas in qualitative researchers get close and learn more about the respondents to their investigations. Researchers collect data themselves and examine documents, observe the behaviors of respondents and interview them (Center for Teaching). This is a constructive approach and assists a leaner to understand a certain perspective. It focuses on the importance of learning process of individuals. It can help you arranger your facts, figures and all the data, learn more through the information them. It is used where definitive tasks are demanded, like social sciences, arts or any relevant areas and concerns of business studies. Apart from that qualitative are sometimes not verifiable, though it requires a thorough analysis and skilled workers to work out the prime data collection. But again, the data is flexible and we see more interaction between a researcher and a respondent. Without these assessments, the research may go all in vain, and will not be any useful to the researcher or the respondent because they will not be usefully examined. The purpose of the research assessment is to bring out clear and manifested outcome with fewer score on risk levels. It brings authenticity into our research and places emphasis on process rather than product. It will help define the relationships and individual experiences with variations. In quantitative assessments, researchers are free to respond and does not influence them or determine how they will react to the next questions. The differences exist in both ways of assessment, one of the major one is their flexibility, quantitative are usually more inflexible and qualitative are more. The differ ence is also the open ended, in which the participants are free to participate with their opinions and suggestions and close ended (or fixed). Nevertheless, it requires a thorough understanding of the questions asked to inspect all the possible responses. The major challenge is to find the right balance for all phases of assessments to identify all sorts of trends and risks that are likely to occur. It will be a great supportive step through philosophical assumptions, strategies and risk that can be controlled in the future planning of the business and ultimately present a complex situation into a simpler picture CONCLUSION This essay provides an insight towards the qualitative and quantitative assessment in a risk assessment and the need to balance both. For every research conducted, we have to analyze the risk we can go through. All data collection must have a clear understanding of differences; it may be in qualitative or quantitative. Therefore, to analyze those risks we must have a clear understanding and a support of quantitative with qualitative assessments to explain every figure we have computed. acaps. (May 2012). Qualitative and Quantitative Research Techniques for Humanitarian Needs Assessment. acaps. Center for Teaching, R. . (n.d.). Qualitative Research Introduction. Washington, DC: Research Support Group at the Social Science Research Lab . Mack, N., Woodsong, C., MacQueen, K. M., Guest, G., Namey, E. (n.d.). Qualitative Research Methods: A DATA COLLECTORS FIELD GUIDE. Retrieved from fhi360: https://www.fhi360.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/Qualitative%20Research%20Methods%20-%20A%20Data%20Collectors%20Field%20Guide.pdf Northcote, A. K. (n.d.). The Struggle for Balance in the use of Quantitative and Qualitative Online Assessment Tasks. Australia. Rwegoshora, H. M. (2014). A Guide to Social Science Research. Dar es Salaam: Mkuki Na Nyota Publishers. Wissem, E. (2013). RISKS MANAGEMENT: NEW LITERATURE REVIEW. POLISH JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES, 291.

Human Service Profession- Mental Health Counselor Essay

Counseling has a major emphasis on prevention. Mental health counselors work with individuals and groups to promote optimum mental and emotional health. Counselors may help individuals deal with issues associated with addictions, substance abuse, family, parenting, marital problems, stress management, self-esteem and aging. Mental health counseling brings a unique approach to the mental health care professions. People who receive such counsel are labeled unhealthy, wrong or ill (Smith, Robinson, 1995, p. 158). The goals of a mental health counselor are based on specific principles. The basic principles are responsibility, autonomy, client and consultee welfare, mis-representation, consultant-consultee relationship and confidentiality. Counselors believe in the basic human need and the potential for emotional and intellectual growth of their client system and consultee. In order to better the client and the society, the counselor will perform functions committed to increasing the unde rstanding of the clients self and others (Fanibanda, 1976, p. 547). Responsibility is a principle consisting of a degree of responsibility that the consultant has for the client. Consultation can be a blending of professions such as consultant-teacher, consultant-policeman, or consultant-welfare worker just to name a few. The consultant must take responsibility for their own behavior. With strict compliance a consultant must not give advice to a client because they will be held responsible. Autonomy is a principle that gives the independence or freedom to a client, dropping his or her dependency on the counselor. This will allow the consultant, and other professions to perform their jobs more efficiently (Fanibanda, 1976, p. 548). Client and consultee welfare principle must acquire balance. If the client and consultee result in any difficulties the consultee may revoke his practice with the client. Remuneration is the question of payment between the counselor and client. This standard will safeguard the best interest for the client and counselor. The consultant and the consultee relationship is a well excepted concept in the cousultation practice. It is often difficult to slip into a therapist role, but the counselor must maintain a professional role of his specialty. Such a relationship on a personal note, could destroy the goal of helping the client. Confidentiality is another principle counselor’s use. Confidentiality agreement upon the counselor and client is specific information that cannot be shared with any other parties, unless a written agreement is signed upon. It is in the process of building trust between the client and the consultee to safeguard any information between any other parties (Fanibanda, 1976, p. 550-552). Mental illness effects a wide array of the population. The population consists for different races, sex, social class, and criminals that are effected by mental disabilities. Social class is one of the most common characteristics of the mentally ill. The social lower class is linked to more serious cases for the development of the mentally ill (Fox, 1990, p. 344). Mental illness is the primary cause for the homelessness. It is estimated between 72 and 82 percent of the homeless are mentally unstable, based on an Australian study (Johnson, 2011, p. 29-30). Presently it is whether minority groups are disproportionately represented among the mentally ill, but minority groups such as African American and the Latino population appear not to suffer from this as much as the Caucasian population. This is a surprising fact due to that more minorities are exposed to more risk factors. Minorities tend to be relatively poor, and lack resources to prevent social and vocational disability and to promote long term recovery (Snowden, 1997, p.236). The criminal population is another amongst the mentally ill. People with a mental illness are three times more likely to become incarcerated than be admitted to a psychiatric facility. Correctional institutions have become the largest providers of mental health treatment in the United States. Statistics show that 14.5% of male and 31 % of female inmates have a mental illness. Mental disorders can arrange from schizophrenia spectrum disorder, schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenic form disorder, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, psychotic disorder, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and depressive disorder (Gross, 2013, p. 175). Counseling is not only received by the mentally ill, it is also received by people dealing with stress. It can be stress of a new job, relationships, family, finances, and addictions just to name a few. Many people that even consider themselves normal and stressed receive counseling. Many of these people seek counseling because it has a high effect on health. Health problems such as chronic heart disease, depression, and psychomatic illness (Brown, Brooks, 1985, p. 860). Mental health counseling is a treatment on its own, while other forms of mental disorders can be treated with medication. Mental health counselors are readily available for face to face treatment or even over the web. Over the web counseling is often easier for clients because of travel needs. Many would argue that e-counseling is not as efficient as face to face, but 90% of clients that have used e-therapy said it worked (Alleman, 2002, p. 199). As stated before counselors try to provide prevention with clients. Prevention means the confronting and lightening the major cause of mental disturbance. In the mental health field, demands for examination of moral and scientific beliefs and begin to take action for change. One on one treatment even if successful, is not considered prevention. Public health teaches that no mass disease or disorder has ever been controlled or eliminated by individual treatment or an increasing number of therapists. However for individual therapy it is proven to lower individual emotional disorders. Treating clients and preventing emotional disorders are done reducing or eliminating the noxious agent, strengthening the resistance of the host, and preventing the transmission of the noxious agent to the host. The principle of the noxious agent is str ess. All stress that leads to an emotional disorder is unwanted (Albee, 2013, p.37-40).

Salient features of Martin Luther King Jr’s famous speech, “I have a dream”

This essay describes the salient features of Martin Luther King Jr’s famous speech, â€Å" I have a dream†. It concentrates on reasons which contributed to making it so famous. This speech had many salient features which have made it so famous and acceptable to the audience. These are : Structure : The speech is very well structured. King first builds a base for his arguments, by saying that the demands that follow in his speech were guaranteed to the black Negroes long back.He then alleges that the American government nd the white people have not complied with these rights given to blacks. He then injects courage into the minds of the black audience, by using a special force known as ‘ repetition’. He repeats, â€Å" It is my dream that †, many times, and actually succeeds in forcing the minds of black audience to ‘ see’ that dream with him. Force : One more effective element in this speech is the invisible force behind it. The words ar e very strong, and the style is direct. A very direct attack is launched on the American government.The miserable torture that the blacks were undergoing is reported in a very direct, face to fact style. Nothing is indirect or implied. This force is more evident when he paints the picture of his vision of life of the Negroes in future. There is no rhetoric, no sarcasm. This adds the necessary force in the speech, which captivates the audience. Continuity : This is the third impressive feature. The three main parts of the speech, namely, the violation of promise, present condition of Negroes and his uture dream for the Negroes, are interwoven without any pause in between. The switch-over from one part to another part is very natural and automatic. This helps in binding the audience to the speech, till the end.Good use of linguistic tools : This speech uses tools offered by English language in a wonderful way. Many aspects are presented in a metaphoric way, to make the meaning very cl ear and leave no doubt in the minds of audience. The most distinct metaphor is comparing the failure of American government to keep ts promise towards the black Negroes, to a check returned by a bank, citing insufficient funds as a reason. Another impressive metaphor is his comparing the present status of Mississippi as ‘ sweltering with the heat of injustice’, while his dream compares the same Mississippi to an ‘ Oasis of freedom and justice †. His linguistic style is very picturesque, and that is what impresses the audience.For example, â€Å" On the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together on the table of rotherhood †. He communicates too many things in sentences which draw a picture in the minds of the audience. The sentences of this speech are seldom long, and never, very long. It is full of short, meaningful sentences. This is another example of excellent use of languag e. Non violence : Martin Luther King has strongly advocated non violence means as a tool for the fight towards freedom. Memories of the brutalities of world war II ( world war II ) and the success of non violence ( Mahatma Gandhi ) as a tool to ring political changes in India, were still afresh in the minds of people.This concept was immediately embraced in America also. Inclusion of specific instruction to fight in a non violent way, made his speech more effective and more acceptable. National flavor : Martin Luther King talks of each and every corner of the nation, by naming it. This adds a national dimension to his speech. There is hardly any region which he has not included in his speech. This helps in making a very wide, national impact.The TV audience : The TV audience must have also been mesmerized by the huge number of people which had gathered at Lincoln Memorial grounds on that day. It compromised of whites also. Inclusion of white people must have made a positive impact i n favor of King’s demands, in the minds of TV audience. The erect posture of King, coupled with oozing self confidence must have boosted the spirits of all listeners and spectators. â€Å" I have a dream â€Å", is a great speech even for all times in future !!

The Importance Of Active Teaching And Learning Essay

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The Effects Of Medication On The Body - 935 Words

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Uncommon Article Gives You the Facts on Essay Topics for 12th Standard That Only a Few People Know Exist

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Questions: 1.Analyse the competitive forces facing Qantas, using the five forces framework. 2.Conduct a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) evaluation of Qantass competitive strategy. 3.What has been Qantass corporate strategy across its domestic and international divisions since 1992? 4.Identify any two (2) accounting policy choices that you think should be closely watched by auditors and analysts for a company in the airline industry. Discuss in details for each of the two accounting policy choices above and explain why you have chosen each of them. 5.Evaluate Qantass financial performance (Revenues and Expenses) and financial position (Assets, Liabilities, and Owners Equities) at the end of 2013. 6.Evaluate Qantass financial performance (Revenues and Expenses) and financial position (Assets, Liabilities, and Owners Equities) at the end of latest financial year that you can find (Example: Qantas annual report 2015 or 2016). Answers: 1.Porters Five Forces Model of Qantas Airways Limited Rivalry from competitors- From the case study of Qantas Airways Limited, it is noted that there is fewer firms in the Australian aviation industry and none of them can equalize Qantas Airways Limited in terms of performance, profitability as well as market share (Qantas.com 2017). Threats from new entrants- From the case study of Qantas Airways Limited, it is noted that different firms are trying to enter in the market to give a high level of competition to the airline industry. Furthermore, threat from new entrants is quite less for Qantas Airways Limited (Trugman 2016). Threats of substitute products- From the case study of Qantas Airways Limited, it is noted that different substitutes are available in the current marketplace. Threat from substitute products is quite less to Qantas Airways Limited. Bargaining power of suppliers- From the case study of Qantas Airways Limited, it is noted that different war materials are needed, where fuel and aircrafts is the essential element. Qantas Airways Limited is taking the product from one of the biggest supplier in the marketplace that act as main strength of the company. Bargaining power of buyers- The bargaining power of buyers shows about the buyer power for influencing the price as well as other factors. From the case study of Qantas Airways Limited, clients are available in the market and firms for serving them so that buyers have the power to influence the price as well as operations of the company. 2. SWOT Analysis of Qantas Airways Limited Strengths Weakness Oldest airline in Australia High market share in Australia 20 domestic and global destinations Monopoly in airline sector Huge Sponsorship Advertising campaign Strong backing of Australian Government Issue with employee or human resources Too much concentration around Australasia Opportunities Threats Investors attractiveness Advancement of technology Asian different tourist destination Joint venture with international brands High fuel prices Intense competition in the market because of new entrants High labor cost 3.Corporate strategy of Qantas Airways Limited From the case study of Qantas Airways Limited, it is noted that the company need to investigate over the corporate strategy of the business. There are different factors that relates to the corporate strategy of Qantas Airways Limited. Qantas Airways Limited has come into existence in the year 1920 and plans for opting strategies for managing the business as well as enhancing the growth (Sheth and Sisodia 2015). After 1992, Qantas Airways Limited has made many changes into its strategy, functioning, operations as well as technology and sources for managing and enhancing the performance and profitability of the business. It is noted that the company has adopted two strategies for managing the performance as well as profitability of the business. The company has used international expansion strategy as well as diversification strategy for the business enterprise (Armstrong et al. 2015). Till now, Qantas Airways Limited had already operated its business into 42 countries with 173 offices and 35000 employees. Most of the business operations had started to management the performance like budget airlines, Jetstar, Qantas holidays and Qantas catering for evaluating the situation of the business firm (Sekaran and Bougie 2016). 4.Accounting Policy From the case study of Qantas Airways Limited, it had been analyzed that the company is peppering the final financial data at the time of analyzing the different point of view in relation to the company for managing the reports based on accounting policies. Revenue and expenses recognition The rules of IFRS and US GAAP explain that an association needs to be identified in the income and expenses based on market value in the income statement. In addition, revenue is identified of an association that could be understood by the Business Corporation of trading of products or services such as sales, interest income, long-term gains and short-term profits where expense is calculated as loss of an association that can be paid by the Business Corporation at the time of trading products and services such as labor, operational expenses and cost of goods sold (Pealoza, Toulouse and Visconti 2013). Therefore, the accounting rules show that the expenses should be recorded in the debit column and income needs to be recorded in the credit column in the income statement. Asset and liability recording The rule of IFRS and US GAAP show that an association should identify overall asset as well as liabilities based on market value in the balance sheet, where assets is recognized as economical profit of business that need to be converted by the Business Corporation based on nature of assets (Meffert 2013). The short-term asset is that asset that can be converted in a year and long-term asset need some time like plants and debtors. On the other hand, liability is recorded as debt of an association can be converted by the Business Corporation based on the nature of liability. Therefore, double entry accounting system is helpful where total asset equals liability and capital of business enterprise. Financial Performance of Qantas Airways Limited at the end of 2013 Liquidity ratio 2013 Current ratio 0.823390895 Quick ratio 0.709105181 Working capital -1,125.0 Profitability Ratios 2013 Operating Profit Margin 0.002182705 Net Profit Margin 0.000320986 Return on Capital Employed 0.0 Return on Equity 0.000841184 Return on Total assets 0.000247525 Capital structure ratio 2013 Debt- equity 2.398384926 Interest coverage ratio 0.057432432 Efficiency ratio 2013 Receivable turnover ratio Creditor turnover ratio Inventory turnover ratio Assets turnover ratio Particular 2013 ROCI -100.3846154 The financial data of the company for the year 2013 depict ways for identifying the level of performance of the company based on finance. Most of the ratio had been calculated for identifying liquidity, efficiency, profitability and solvency position of Qantas Airways Limited. On analysis, it is noted that current ratio of Qantas Airways Limited depict a bad liquidity position for the company that reveals the fact where company cannot repay their short-term debt obligations for specified time. In addition, the quick ratio of Qantas Airways Limited shows a bad position in the year 2013. Overall, the working capital of Qantas Airways Limited is negative that show that company need to make some changes so that they can sustain in the long-run (Keller and Kotler 2016). Profitability ratio help in predicting the profitability position of any business enterprise. On analysis, it is noted that Qantas Airways Limited is earning very less profit from the market that restrict the company to work smoothly in the near future. Capital structure ratio reveals that debts of Qantas Airways Limited are quite higher than the assets of the company that need changes. Efficiency ratio of Qantas Airways Limited shows bad efficiency and it is suggested that the company should make some changes during the recovery days for maintaining the working capital at accepted level (Hollensen 2015). 5.Financial Performance of Qantas Airways Limited for 2015 and 2016 Current ratio 0.492031873 0.675903614 Quick ratio 0.396414343 0.589692102 Working capital -3,570.0 -2,421.0 Profitability Ratios 2016 2015 Operating Profit Margin 0.180435884 0.101596704 Net Profit Margin 0.0651926 0.035861447 Return on Capital Employed 0.3 0.2 Return on Equity 0.316615385 0.162059936 Return on Total assets 0.061598324 0.031774102 Capital structure ratio 2016 2015 Debt- equity 4.14 4.100378237 Interest coverage ratio 5.014084507 2.260744986 Efficiency ratio 2016 2015 Receivable turnover ratio 17.9977195 14.41484919 Creditor turnover ratio 5.214511041 12.28374893 Inventory turnover ratio 20.09726444 22.35680751 Assets turnover ratio 0.922097269 0.891414141 Computation of return on capital invested Particular 2016 2015 ROCI -268.0327869 -47.05372617 The financial data of Qantas Airways Limited for the year 2015 and 2016 had been analyzed for identifying the performance of the company based on finance (Foxall 2014). 6.Analysis the data of 2013, 2015 and 2016 By conducting the study of Qantas Airways Limited for the three years (2013, 2015 and 2016), it is noted that Qantas Airways Limited faced many issues in the last two years because of internal and external factors. In addition, it is analyzed that different strategies have been adopted by Qantas Airways Limited for enhancing the level of performance. The study shows that the performance of Qantas Airways Limited is similar to that for year 2013 and 2015, 2016. It is noted that the liquidity position of Qantas Airways Limited is even similar over the years. The company is facing issue in meeting the short-term debt obligations. It is noted that Qantas Airways Limited is still not able to enjoy high profits (Goworek and McGoldrick 2015). Conclusion At the end of the case study, it is concluded that Qantas Airways Limited is required to make some changes into the financial as well as non-financial figures for enhancing the level of performance. Qantas Airways Limited operates in aviation industry but faces external and internal issue that reveals that the performance of the company has been lowered. It is suggested to Qantas Airways Limited to make some changes into the operations for enhancing the level of performance. Reference List Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Foxall, G., 2014.Strategic Marketing Management (RLE Marketing)(Vol. 3). Routledge. Goworek, H. and McGoldrick, P., 2015.Retail marketing management: Principles and practice. Pearson Higher Ed. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education Keller, K.L. and Kotler, P., 2016.Marketing management. Pearson. Meffert, H., 2013.Marketing-Management: AnalyseStrategieImplementierung. Springer-Verlag. Pealoza, L., Toulouse, N. and Visconti, L.M. eds., 2013.Marketing management: A cultural perspective. Routledge. Qantas.com. 2017.Flights to Australia, New Zealand and Dubai | Qantas UK. [online] Available at: https://www.qantas.com [Accessed 25 Aug. 2017]. Sekaran, U. and Bougie, R., 2016.Research methods for business: A skill building approach. John Wiley Sons. Sheth, J.N. and Sisodia, R.S., 2015.Does marketing need reform?: Fresh perspectives on the future. Routledge. Trugman, 2016.Understanding business valuation: A practical guide to valuing small to medium sized businesses. John Wiley Sons